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Cannabis is an annual, dioecious,
flowering herb. The leaves are palmately compound, with serrate leaflets.
The first pair of leaves usually have a single leaflet, the number
gradually increasing up to a maximum of about thirteen leaflets per leaf
(usually seven or nine), depending on variety and growing conditions. At
the top of a flowering plant, this number again diminishes to a single
leaflet per leaf. The lower leaf pairs usually occur in an opposite leaf
arrangement and the upper leaf pairs in an alternate arrangement on the
main stem of a mature plant.
Cannabis usually has imperfect flowers with staminate "male" and
pistillate "female" flowers occurring on separate plants, although
hermaphroditic flowers sometimes occur. Male flowers are borne on loose
panicles, and female flowers are borne on racemes. It is not unusual for
individual plants to bear both male and female flowers in some strains,
a condition called monoecy. On monoecious plants, flowers of both sexes
may occur on separate inflorescences, or on the same inflorescence.
Cannabinoids, terpenoids, and other volatile compounds are secreted by
glandular trichomes that occur most abundantly on the floral calyxes and
bracts of female plants.
All known strains of Cannabis are wind-pollinatedand produce "seeds"
that are technically called achenes.[8] Most strains of Cannabis are
short day plants,[with the possible exception of C. sativa subsp. sativa
var. spontanea (= C. ruderalis), which is commonly described as "auto-flowering"
and may be day-neutral.
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